海参之链:“海上丝绸之路”上的中澳早期交通
朱建君;
摘要(Abstract)：
澳大利亚通常被视作在"海上丝绸之路"的通达范围之外,本文在综述分析澳大利亚学者相关研究及其历史遗产社会解读的基础上,结合中文历史文献分析,提出明清时期"海上丝绸之路"网络中出现了一条从中国到澳大利亚北海岸的海参之链,由从中国到望加锡的传统航线和从望加锡到澳大利亚北海岸的南向延伸线两段航线组成,在澳大利亚与中国都产生了交流的影响。因此,历史上澳大利亚就曾是古老的"海上丝绸之路"的南向延伸地区,有重要的历史研究价值与遗产价值。
关键词(KeyWords)： 海参之链;海上丝绸之路;中澳交通;茫咖撒人
基金项目(Foundation): 2014年冬进行“海上丝绸之路澳大利亚交通研究”项目论证申请国家社科基金
作者(Authors): 朱建君;
DOI: 10.16091/j.cnki.cn32-1308/c.2017.05.015
参考文献(References)：
- (1)Macknight,The Voyage to Marege:Macassan Trepangers in Northern Australia,Carlton,Vic.:Melbourne University Press,1976,p.18.
- (2)(17)[澳]周小平:《寻梦澳洲土著》,重庆出版社,2006年,第209、209页。
- (3)谢清高口述、杨炳南笔录、安京校释:《海录校释》,商务印书馆,2002年,第181页。
- (4)Regina Ganter,“Histories with traction:Macassan contact in the framework of Muslim Australian history”,in Marshall Clark,Sally K.May(eds.),Macassan History and Heritage:Journeys,Encounters and Influences,Canberra:ANU Press,2013,p.62.
- (5)Matthew Flinders,A Voyage to Terra Australis undertaken for the Purpose of Completing Discovery of that Vast Country,and Prosecuted in the Years 1801,1802,and 1803,London:G.&W.Nicol,1814,pp.229-232.
- (6)F.D.Mc Carthy and F.M.Setzler,“The Archaeology of Arnhem Land”,in C.P.Mountford(ed.),Records of the American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land,Vol.2:Anthropology and nutrition,Parkville,Vic.:Melbourne University Press,1960,pp.215-295.
- (7)R.M.and Catherine Berndt,Arnhem Land:Its history and its people,Melbourne:Cheshire,1954.
- (8)D.J.Mulvaney,“The Stone Age of Australia”,in Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society,27,1961,p.99;D.J.Mulvaney,“Beche-de-mer,Aborigines and Australian History”,in Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria,79(2),1966,pp.449-457.
- (9)Manning Clark,A History of Australia,Vol.I:From the earliest times to the age of Macquarie,Parkville,Vic.:Melbourne University Press,1962,pp.37-38.
- (10)Campbell Macknight,The Macassans:A study of the early trepang industry along the Northern Territory coast,Ph D thesis,Canberra:The Australian National University,1969;Aboriginal Stone Pictures in Eastern Arnhem Land(co-authored with W.J.Gray),Canberra:Australian Institute of Aboriginal Studies,1970;“Macassans and Aborigies”,Oceania,42,1972,pp.283-321;The Voyage to Marege':Macassan trepangers in northern Australia,Carlton,Vic.:Melbourne University Press,1976.
- (11)Maurice Dunlevy:“New Masterpieces Were Published during1976”,in Canberra Times,24 Dec.1976,p.8.
- (12)I.Crawford,Late Prehistoric Changes in Aboriginal Cultures in Kimberley,Western Australia,Ph D thesis,University of London,London,1969.
- (13)王宇博、汪诗明、朱建君:《世界现代化进程·大洋洲卷》,江苏人民出版社,2012年,第503-513、525-545页。
- (14)Campbell Macknight,The Voyage to Marege:Macassan trepangers in northern Australia,Carlton,Vic.:Melbourne University Press,1976,pp.33-37,133-136.
- (15)Campbell Macknight,“Studying Trepangers”,in Marshall Clark,Sally K.May(eds.),Macassan History and Heritage:Journeys,Encounters and Influences,Canberra:ANU Press,2013,pp.21-22.
- (16)Marshall Clark&Sally K.May(eds),Macassan History and Heritage:Journeys,Encounters and Influences,Canberra:ANUPress,2013,p.1.
- (18)Ta9on et al.,“A minimum age for early depictions of Southeast Asian praus”,in Australian Archaeology,71,Dec.2010,p.8.
- (19)G.Chaloupka,“Praus in Marege:Makassan subjects in Aboriginal rock art of Arnhem Land,Northern territory,Australia”,in Anthropology,1996,34(1-2),pp.132-133.
- (20)(22)Campbell Macknight,The Voyage to Marege:Macassan trepangers in northern Australia,Carlton,Vic.:Melbourne University Press,1976,p.38,pp.101-103.
- (21)Gerrit Knaap and Heather Sutherland,Monsoon Traders:ships,skippers and commodities in eighteenth-century Makassar,Leiden:KITLV Press,2004,pp.99,148-149.
- (23)P.Toner,“Ideology,influence and innovation:the impact of Macassan contact on Yolngu music”,in Perfect Beat:The Pacific Journal of Research into Contemporary Music and Popular Culture,2000,5(1),pp.22-41;Palmer,L.“Negotiating the ritual and social order through spectacle:the(re)production of Macassan/Yolu histories”,in Anthropological Forum:A journal of social anthropology and comparative sociology,2007,17(1),pp.1-20.
- (24)Evans,N.“Macassan loans and linguistic stratification in western Arnhem Land”,in P.Mc Convell and N.Evans(eds),Archaeology and Linguistics:Aboriginal Australia in global perspective,Melbourne:Oxford University Press,1997,pp.237-60.
- (25)S.Mitchell,“Dugongs and dugouts,sharptacks and shellbacks:Macassan contact and Aboriginal marine hunting on the Cobourg Peninsula,north western Arnhem Land”,in Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association Bulletin 15,Chiang Mai Papers,vol.2,1996,p.184.
- (26)H.Allen,“Thompson’s spears:innovation and change in east Arnhem Land projectile technology”,in Y.Musharbach and M.Barber(eds),Ethnography and the Production of Anthropological Knowledge:Essays in honour of Nicolas Peterson,Canberra:ANU E Press,2011.
- (27)I.Mc Intosh,“Islam and Australia’s Aborigines?a perspective from north-east Arnhem Land”,in Journal of Religious History,1996,20(1)(June),pp.53-77.
- (28)Regina Ganter,“Histories with traction:Macassan contact in the framework of Muslim Australian history”,in Marshall Clark,Sally K.May(eds.),Macassan History and Heritage:Journeys,Encounters and Influences,Canberra:ANU Press,2013,p.63.
- (29)“Trepang:Indigenous Australians and Indonesians Celebrate a Shared Story across the Arafura Sea,Alan Whykes interviews Andrish Saint-Clare”,in Inside Indonesia:Bulletin of the Indonesian Resources and Information Programme,No.59(July-Sept,1999),p.28.
- (30)P.Veth,P.Sutton and M.Neale(eds),Strangers on the Shore:Early coastal contacts in Australia,Canberra:National Museum of Australia,2008.
- (31)Marshall Clark,“Tangible heritage of the Macassan-Aboriginal encounter in contemporary South Sulawesi”,in Marshall Clark,Sally K.May(eds.),Macassan History and Heritage:Journeys,Encounters and Influences,Canberra:ANU Press,2013,p.162.
- (32)Marshall Clark,Sally K.May(eds),Macassan History and Heritage:Journeys,Encounters and Influences,Canberra:ANUPress,2013,p.6.
- (33)Sandy Blair and Nicholas Hall,“Travelling the‘Malay Road’:Recognising the heritage significance of the Macassan maritime trade route”,in Marshall Clark,Sally K.May(eds),Macassan History and Heritage:Journeys,Encounters and Influences,Canberra:ANU Press,2013,pp.220-222.
- (34)赵璐:《16-17世纪望加锡的发展与华人活动》,《东南亚纵横》2016年第1期。
- (35)陈伦炯《海国闻见录》、王大海《海岛逸志》、谢清高《海录》中都有大量关于菲律宾和印度尼西亚一带海域各岛土产海参的记载。